ABSTRACT

This investigation was focussed on in vivo antimalarial activity and the compounds of hexane extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica, A Juss). This investigation should be given for strong science based in using neem leaves as antimalarial drugs. The extract was prepared by maceration in hexane at room temperature (25⁰C) over the period of 72 hours. By using completely randomized design, 55 mice have been divided in 5 groups (n = 11 each group) for treated and control group. The mice were infected by P. berghei on day 0 and on day 1 until day 4 they gave treated drug with doses 0; 100; 200; 400; 800 mg/kg BW/day orally. On day 5 were made thin blood smear by fixation with methanol and stained with giemsa 10% in 30 minutes. The inhibitory of P. berghei growth by the extract were counted and the ED₅₀ obtained by using regression probit analysis. The result shown the inhibitory of P. berghei growth by the hexane extract of neem leaves 78, 35%  at level dose 800 mg/kg BW/day and the ED₅₀ was 355,45 mg/kg BW/day. The compunds in hexane extract of neem leaves are triterpenoid, steroid and fenolic compounds.

KEY WORDS: Antimalarial activity, Azadirachta indica A.Juss, ED₅₀

ABSTRACT

Cardiac disease is an important cause of premature death in industrialized countries. It is estimated that cardiac disease will emerge as single largest contributor to morbidity in India accounting for nearly one third of total deaths in near future. Cardiotonics are the agents which increase the force of contraction without altering heart rate, which can be used to treat cardiac diseases. Due to life-threatening or severe adverse drug reactions of available cardiotonic, people are seeking alternative therapies that may have maximum beneficial effects with least side effects. The present review focuses on various classes of cardiotonic, their mechanism & major adverse effects as well as better herbal alternate of these available cardiotonics. Many of them were scientifically proved as a cardiotonic. All of the drugs finally increase intra-cellular calcium (Ca²⁺) level which results into increase in force of contraction. Present review also emphasis on the major challenges associated with current cardiotonics as well as future aspects in research related to cardiotonics.

KEY WORDS: Cardiotonics, arjuna, digitalis, tulsi, solanum indicum, Ca²⁺ sensitizer

ABSTRACT

A simple, precise and efficient high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of Rosuvastatin calcium and Ezetimibe in tablets. A symmetry C₁₈ column 75×4.6mm i.d. 3.5µ in isocratic mode with mobile phase containing Acetonitrile: methanol: buffer (0.01M sod.dihydrogen phosphate) (30:20:50 v/v) pH adjusted to 3.0 using ortho phosphoric acid (v/v) .The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 263 nm. The retention time and linearity range for Rosuvastatin calcium and Ezetimibe were (3.88, 8.16 min) and (10-60, 10-60 μg/ml), respectively. The validation of the proposed method was carried out for its specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and quantification for both Rosuvastatin calcium and Ezetimibe. The developed method can be used for simultaneous determination of Rosuvastatin calcium and Ezetimibe in tablet dosage form.

KEYWORDS: Rosuvastatin calcium, Ezetimibe, RP- HPLC, Optimization and Validation.

ABSTRACT

Our present study is aimed to detect the medicinal uses of the plant Chloris barbata (SW) belonging to the family Poaceae. The in vitro screening of antimicrobial properties of Chloris barbata was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. The extracts were prepared by continuous hot percolation method with chloroform and methanol. Aqueous extract was prepared by maceration. The presence of phytosterols, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids were detected in the preliminary phytochemical tests. Moderate antibacterial activity was observed in the extracts (250μg/ml) against some pathogenic microorganisms when compared with the standard Ciprofloxacin.

KEY WORDS: Chloris barbata, antibacterial; Ciprofloxacin.

ABSTRACT

The ethanolic extract of flowers of Leucas aspera were screened to evaluate anti-ulcer activity in healthy rats, using aspirin induced ulcer method. The leaves of Leucas aspera were collected from the local areas of Thanjavur and shade dried. The dried powdered flowers were extracted from the maceration and soxhlet extraction methods, by using methanol and water. Healthy rats weighing 180-250 gm were taken for the experiment. The anti ulcer activity was noted after drug administration. All data were analysed with one-way ANOVA fallowed by Dunnet’s test. The flower extract of Leucas aspera showed significant anti ulcer activity at a dose of 300 mg/ kg body weight, which was near equivalent to that of ranitidine.

KEY WORDS: Leucas aspera, anti-ulcer activity, acetyl salicylic acid induced ulcer method.

ABSTRACT

High performance liquid chromatography is now one of the most powerful tools in analytical chemistry. It has the ability to separate, identify, and quantitate the compounds that are present in any sample that can be dissolved in a liquid. Today, compounds in trace concentrations as low as parts per trillion [ppt] may easily be identified. HPLC can be, and has been, applied to just about any sample, such as pharmaceuticals, food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, environmental matrices, forensic samples, and industrial chemicals. Nowadays, GLPs are solid standards for government registration and regulatory research facilities. Outside the U.S., OECD GLP is more familiar and has been applied in some other countries.  It is important that not only proper science must be used in the scientific research but also quality assurance systems should be implemented while we attempt to produce reliable and reproducible data in regulatory research because all of these activities have great impacts on toxicology and the environment. This article discussed the Good Laboratory practices for High performance Liquid Chromatography for precise results and long life of the instruments and its consumable accessories.

KEY WORDS: HPLC, GLP, Pharmaceuticals, Quality Assurance

ABSTRACT

Various plant gums have been used as binders in tablet formulations. But still finding novel binder for the manufacture of tablets, in pharmaceutical industry. The Diospyros peregrina gum was found its binding property. In the present study Diospyros peregrina gum was employed as a binding agent in  Flurbiprofen  tablets at concentrations of 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 % w/w, in comparison with Polyvinyl Pyrrolidine (PVP). The granules were evaluated for moisture content, angle of repose, bulk and tapped densities,Carr Index, Hausners ratio. The tablets were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profiles. Studies showed that increase in binding concentration of Diospyros peregrina gum, increases the hardness, increases the disintegration time, decreases the percentage friability and decreases percentage cumulative release. Results obtained indicated that Diospyros peregrina gum performed as good as that of PVP as a binder to Flurbiprofen  tablets.

KEY WORDS: Diospyros peregrina, Flurbiprofen, PVP, Tablets, Binders.

ABSTRACT
The natural sciences simply do not provide adequate tools or perspective. They need to be supplemented with knowledge from disciplines that deals with people and system. The social development has always been closely interlinked with healthcare achievements. Therefore Pharmacy education and practice has significant impact on health improvement of nation. The pharmacist represent the third largest professional group in the world which works in community a member of healthcare team and have special responsibilities for safe use of medicines. In India, profession of Pharmacy is yet to boom to its fullest extent. Here Pharmacist performs job of mere drug seller only and does not practice Pharmacy independently. In developed countries in addition to traditional dispensing Pharmacist monitor the health and progress of patient and provide patient care outcomes and accordingly their education curriculum is designed. This paper seeks a need for professional and social change in pharmaceutical education system for achieving the desired status of pharmacist in our country. The standard of education must be evaluated for strengthening of education and profession.
KEY WORDS: Pharmacy education, Healthcare, Development, Community

ABSTRACT

Extraction of the herbal drugs has always been a challenging task for the researchers. In this present review, an attempt has been made to give an overview of extraction of herbal drugs by using hydrotropy solublization phenomenon. A hydrotrope is an organic substance that increases the solubility of surfactants and water insoluble phyto-constituents of herbal drugs such as esters, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, and fats in an aqueous solution. Hydrotropes, such as sodium alkyl benzene sulfonates and sodium butyl monoglycol sulfate, were used for the selective extraction of water insoluble phyto-constituents by cell permeabilization.

KEY WORDS: Extraction, Hydrotropy, Herbal drugs.

ABSTRACT

DNA is a fundamentally attractive drug target. The essence of the “antigene” strategy is that it is advantageous to attack drug targets at their source – the level of gene expression. A protein drug target is the product of a particular gene. At each stage of progression through the central dogma (DNA makes RNA makes protein), the absolute number of target molecules to be hit by a drug inhibitor increases. A single gene makes multiple copies of mRNA, which in turn are translated to make multiple copies of the target protein. The number of target molecules is amplified at each stage in the process. By targeting the single gene, rather than the numerous resultant protein molecules, drug action should become both more selective and efficient. Antigene agents can be either small molecules or triplex forming oligonucleotides, alkaloids, flavonoids. There is a great demand for targeting herbal medicines in the developed and developing countries because of their wide biological activity, higher safety margin than synthetic drugs as a result of this Herbal drugs have a great potential in the global market. Extensive research on DNA-targeting herbal drugs  is in progress in many research institutes all over the world.DNA targeting herbal drugs have a great utility in the treatment of genetic disorder and widely used for the treatment of cancer, microbial infection, natural cell death (cell suicide), growth disorder, etc.

KEY WORDS: DNA, Protein marker, Herbal drugs, Gene Expression

ABSTRACT

Pharmacists are society\'s experts on drugs. They have been at the interface between prescribers and patients for centuries. Pharmacists now have many varied new roles, sometimes called pharmaceutical care, to respond to the changing needs of the public, to changes in health care objectives, and to changes in health service delivery. The number of people requiring health care services has steadily increased, and this trend will likely continue. Due to many of society’s changing social and health issues, pharmacists will face new challenge.

KEY WORDS: Pharmacist, Society Expert, Health Care, Challenge

ABSTRACT

The cost of Cephalosporin C production may be significantly decreased by using inexpensive carbon substrates like agricultural residues. However, scarce information can be found in the literature about the utilization of cellulosic and lignocellulosic residues for obtaining  Cephalosporin C. Usually agricultural residues producing various toxic compounds to the atmosphere; so,as an interesting alternative to the utilization of agricultural wastes (as apple pomace, cotton seed meal, soy bean powder and wheat bran) for simultaneous Cephalosporin C production. The highest Cephalosporin c production (4364 μg/g substrate) was achieved with apple pomace in solid-state fermentation. The optimization of physical parameters such as inoculum size, substrate particle size, incubation temperature, initial pH, initial moisture level, incubation period and chemical parameters such as additional carbon and nitrogen sources were studied for the production of Cephalosporin C in solid-state fermentation using Acremonium chrysogenum NCIM 1069. The optimum values of the critical components determined for the maximum Cephalosporin c production were inoculum size 2×106 CFU/g initial dry substrate, substrate particle size 1.2 mm, incubation temperature 30oC, initial pH 8, initial moisture level 70%, fructose (1% w/v), (NH4)2HPO4 (1% w/v), L-glutamine (1%w/v) and incubation period day 10. An overall 2.6-fold improvement in Cephalosporin c production was achieved due to optimization.

KEY WORDS: Solid-state fermentation, Acremonium chrysogenum NCIM 1069, Optimization, Cephalosporin C.

ABSTRACT:  In this present study, Molecular docking studies were performed to 12 novel derivatives of Benzimidazole.  And the interaction between ligand and receptor were brought in focus some important interaction at the molecular level.  The synthesized compounds were estimated for “Binding Free Energy”, Vander wall’s energy, Electrostatic Energy, Total Intermolecular Energy and Interaction surface of the ligand and protein. A novel substituted benzimadazole derivatives were designed and docked into the active site of cycloxagenase I further studies have been carried out to know affinity, orientation and binding mode.

KEYWORDS:  Benzimadazole, Biniding affinity, Molecular Docking